Nowadays there are hundreds of millions of computers in the world.Just
as telephone ,radio and TV reach round the world ,so also computers
anywhere in th world have to be linked to each other in a very perfect
way by UNBREAKABLE CONNECTIONS (whether by radio ,optical/copper cable).
It is achieved thanks to a special MICROPROCESSOR chip called "TCP/IP chip" fixed inside every computer at time of manufacture.It is indeed one of the
shining examples of man's intelligence. The TCP/IP chip contains a
computer directory (like a telephone directory) showing identification
numbers for the hundreds of thousands of" routers" i.e.routing computers
in the country in which your computer is located.
A powerful Microprocessor attends to "networking matters" inside a computer.
Nowadays there are hundreds of millions of computers in the world.Just
as telephone ,radio and TV reach round the world ,so also computers
anywhere in th world have to be linked to each other in a very perfect
way by UNBREAKABLE CONNECTIONS (whether by radio ,optical/copper cable).
It is achieved thanks to a special MICROPROCESSOR chip called "TCP/IP chip" fixed
inside every computer at time of manufacture.It is indeed one of the
shining examples of man's intelligence. The TCP/IP chip contains a
computer directory (like a telephone directory) showing identification
numbers for the hundreds of thousands of" routers" i.e.routing computers
in the country in which your computer is located.
Under the rules of TCP/IP each page of typed matter,to be
transmitted through the computer network to a distant computer in
a far away country,is converted to about 20000 zeroes and ones i.e..
into the computer's own language.(Each line of typed matter contains about
50 letters of alphabet and there will be roughly 50 lines in a
page.each letter of alphabet is represented by a group of eight 0's or 1's.therefore total of o's and i's for a page of text will be
50x50x8=20000). So about 50 lines of typed matter will be treated as
a unit for tranmission.It is treated by computer as a" packet" of data
i.e.technically a message of unit length. Immediately the destination
address and sender's address are attached at the begining and "an error
detection code" is attached at the end.Now it is just like the paper
letter enclosed in a paper envelope ready for posting into the letter
box.But the" packet" is an invisible letter in an invisible envelope .
The thousands of "router computers" through which the packet has to pass
sort the packets to the destination addresses attached at the begining of the packets. The sorting is done as computer directory(just like telephone directory)
letter enclosed in a paper envelope ready for posting into the letter
box.But the" packet" is an invisible letter in an invisible envelope .
The thousands of "router computers" through which the packet has to pass
sort the packets to the destination addresses attached at the begining of the packets. The sorting is done as computer directory(just like telephone directory)
loaded into each computer particularly into all the "router computers".
The packets travell at a terrific speed of three lakh kilometers per
second and reach the destination computer anywhere in the
world in fraction of a second in a most perfect serial order.Otherwise
words and sentences will be recieved in ahaphazard useless way.speech,songs and pictures could not at all have been transmitted.
Suppose there is a very large file of 10000 pages of English printed
text to be sent from a specified computer in India to a specified
computer in U.S. There will be several thousand packets of 20000
zeroes and ones after conversion of the English text to computer language.The sending computer serially numbers the packets.The recieving
computer should recieve the packets in strict serial order and with out
any damage .The sending computer sends duplicate packets if any packets
are not acknowledged.The recieving computer constructs the entire file in
perfect order after serially arranging the pacckets and removing the to/from address codes from all the packets.The receiving computer should also
acknowledge reciept of each packet.One wonders at the tremendous
analysing and scrutinising power of the TCP/IP software.
And all this without any human intervention!
TheTCP/IP has other big capacities. If there is a breakdown
in connection,an alternarte route is arranged within fraction of a
second checking all the possible alternate network routes in the
neighbourhood (and if necessory in neighbouring countries or the
trunk routes in whole world by referring to the computer directories contained in the router computers (just in the way we refer to telephone directories). So it is just possible that sometimes your computer
may get connected to your friend's computer in the neighbouring house
via a very round about route thrugh" routers computers" in France,
China or Bangladesh!Remember that TCP/IP should be contained in every
computer purchsed any where in the world.
The TCP/IP software is so powerful that you are always provided with an
unbreakable connection with any computer in a distant country for as long as
you want.It is really a wonderful technology assisted by intelligence of
computer softwares. The World Standards Organisation for computer matters IEEE
has ordered that all computers at time of manufacture itself should
have the TCP/IP chip fixed inside.
unbreakable connection with any computer in a distant country for as long as
you want.It is really a wonderful technology assisted by intelligence of
computer softwares. The World Standards Organisation for computer matters IEEE
has ordered that all computers at time of manufacture itself should
have the TCP/IP chip fixed inside.
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